Was it fair to call the three words I recited at yesterday’s Armistice commemoration – the names of my three dead uncles – a poem?
I constantly compose micro-poems, reduced poems, of four lines or three or two or one. That was the shortest so far.
The next day, the weather is still bipolar: cumulus clouds traveling northeastward with blue sky between them so that, seen southwestward, they have silver linings. I happened to be in Axminster waiting for a bus; I backed into a shop doorway as a shower came over, stepped back out as the sun did, and stood looking up across the street at the Axminster tree: a huge hornbeam, presiding over the market square, churchyard, and Minster. Its branches, now mostly leafless, were silhouetted against one of these clouds. When the sun showed through, I noticed afresh how small it appears when you can actually (briefly) look at it. Yet the towering cloud is maybe a mile wide, the dot-like sun nearly a million. While standing, I worked the thought into these words:
Regard the sun through cloud that’s not too dense.
How can a star be small, a cloud immense?
We live in present space and present tense.
Some groups of words are definitely verse, some are definitely non-verse, that is, prose, but some, whether verse or prose, can be considered poetry or non-poetry depending on how you feel about them.
My definition of poetry is, language that is intense, or, more carefully: language whose parts have more than one intense motive for existence, at least one of the motives being semantic and at least one formal.
My three-line group about the sun is verse because it has scansion. It also has rhyme, but that formal feature is not defining for verse; there is blank verse, and there is rhyming prose, such as the Arabic genre called saj`.
It is poetry in that it is intense: its intensity consists of having quite a lot of meaning packed into it, by dint of finding fewer and more multiple-functioning words (regard combining the French sense of “look at” and the English sense of “consider”); work had to be done to manipulate the words, work has to be done to excavate the meaning. That’s one kind of intensity, a cerebral kind, which requires “composing,” rethinking of words and jostling them into place, though composing doesn’t have to be alongside the act of writing – I “composed” while standing, in the minutes allowed me before the bus arrived. Intensity of other kinds can be without cerebration, it can be simple – “My love is like a red, red rose,” “The moving moon went up the sky,” “You are my sunshine, my only sunshine”; it can be more like a cry than a syllogism, poured out rather than composed.
My three-name group of words was not verse (or maybe it was, barely, since the names Vernon, Eric, Noel all happen to be trochees). It was poetry for you if you happened to find it intense. Some passages can be non-poetry when you encounter them one time, poetry another, or vice versa – rather as some can be funny one time, and, another, not.
If I’m remembering my college English literature class correctly, the first two lines of “Regard the Sun” are iambic pentameter. The last line doesn’t scan so easily. I’m reading it as 3 – 3 – 1 – 3, and I’m too lazy to look up the name of those three-syllable feet.
I like your definition of poetry as writing or speech that is both meaningfully and formally intense (I hope that’s a fair paraphrase). I would add that poetry needs to be recited aloud to be fully appreciated. Prose can give up its meaning without needing to be vocalized.
I think the third line is iambic pentameter too.
The second line begins with a trochee (TUM-ti), or can be most naturally read that way. But that doesn’t stop the overall pattern from being iambic pentameter – English verse fairly freely allows variation. “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” – the first two syllables could be read either way (though I think the trochee is more natural), “to” should be stressed if it’s really part of an iamb but it more naturally isn’t.
I’m still hearing the third line as three triplets, with an unstressed syllable between the second and third triplet. The poem is a lovely little tercet (I looked that one up).
I can’t quite make out which syllables you are hearing as the stressed ones. I hear it as
We LIVE in PRESent SPACE and PRESent TENSE.
Yes, I liked your paraphrase of my definition. And yes, poetry is realized, or at least enhanced, when aloud. I don’t know whether current theory is that it evolved from song.
We LIVE in – PRESent space – and – PRESent tense.
That’s how I hear it.
And it makes sense to me that we humans sang before we spoke.
Guy,
Speaking about the Sun, what’s your take on NASA’s probe into the Sun???????????
Yours, Joseph